Determinants of depression in female adolescents and youth

Adolescents and youth are the main human resource for a nation. Depression is a grave yard for hopes and prosperity making the generation sad, inactive, and having suicidal thoughts. Thus every effort should be made to create awareness and eliminate depression from our youth. To find out the psycho-social determinants of depression in female adolescent and youth. Case control study. Lahore cant urban area, from March, 2007 to July, 2007. It was a community based case control study. Total 400 young females were selected. 200 cases of depression and 200 in the control group. An interview schedule including a structured, pre-tested and bilingual questionnaire was used after taking consent. SPSS and Epi info were used for data analysis. Chi square test was applied. In this study the depression in adolescent and young females had statistically significant relationship with unemployment, underage marriage, early child bearing, infertility, violence, sexual harassment [p<0.05]. The family history of psychiatric ill ness in first degree relatives had no statistically significant association with depression in these females [p>0.05]. The statistically significant psychosocial determinants of depression in young and adolescent females should be rectified by creating awareness in the society

Critical Appraisal of services of medical OPD of a tertiary care hospital of lahore

Patient satisfaction a component of quality of care has been given high priority in developed countries. It is an instrumental component in monitoring hospital's quality of care in relation to costs and services. Many problems are faced by the visitors of the health care facilities due to which they are unable to utilize these services to their entire satisfaction. Generally overcrowding of hospitals, shortage of staff, medicine and equipment and impatience by the patients are taken as the reasons for this unsatisfactory utilization. To pin point the specific reason of non satisfaction of clients in tertiary care hospital in our localities so that corrective measures could be adopted to improve client satisfaction and in turn the confidence on the local health care delivery system. Hospital based cross sectional survey Place and duration of the study: OPD of Mayo Hospital Lahore February 2005- May 2005 Respondents and 160 patients were selected randomly with their consent. These patients were interviewed on pre tested, structured questionnaire. 90 A, of the patients belong to young or middle age[12-40 yrs], 54% were female, 44% were under matric, 35% belong to poor families with family income <2000 Rs/month and 70% were attending it first time. 75% reach OPD early, 36% got registration easily. 21-22% were satisfied with waiting time and facilities. 21-34% were not satisfied because they were not made clear about diet, how to take medicine and further prevention of disease. Filter clinics should be established in the city waiting area facilities needs to be improved early start of OPD training of staff in preventive work and communication skills. In charge of the OPD must have good managerial skill

Role of lifestyle in causation of dental caries

Oral infections are present in almost every individual and dental caries is commonest one with a prevalence of 54.1-55.57%. Most of the carious teeth in the developing countries tend to go untreated to such an extent that the only treatment option available is extraction. Essential factors which can cause dental caries are. Sweet sticky and smooth diet and, cariogenic bacteria. Dietary habits and teeth cleaning practices depends on life style. Lifestyle is known to influence health and may be responsible for many diseases. Therefore a need was identified to document the lifestyle on oral health among the Pakistani population. To see the status of oral health in residents of Lahore. To know the life style of the people [dietary and teeth cleaning habits] and to formulate a health education program for improvement of oral health. A case control study Place and duration of the study. Dental OPD of Mayo hospital and OPD of Dc' Montmorency college of dentistry Feb. to April 2003 Pre- tested questionnaire was used to interview the cases and control groups Results:-poor personal hygiene, smoking, carbonated drinks, tea/coffee intake and excessive sugar intake have a statistically significant role in causation of dental caries -All the causative factors of dental caries, comes under the domain of life style. So a healthier lifestyle [good personal hygiene, non cariogenic diet] should be promoted through health education of the community